Teoritis Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan Kursus Bahasa Arab Dalam Talian
Theoretical Design and Development of Online Arabic Language Course
Abstract
Pembelajaran dalam talian atau e-pembelajaran telah menjadi antara pilihan utama proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) pada hari ini. Proses ini semakin rancak diperbincangkan apabila seluruh dunia, termasuk Malaysia menghadapi pandemik Covid-19 yang mengakibatkan semua terpaksa hidup dalam norma baharu. Proses PdP dalam talian memerlukan reka bentuk yang sistematik dengan penerapan teori-teori pembelajaran tertentu. Kajian ini bertujuan mengetengahkan satu kerangka teoretikal cadangan yang dihasilkan melalui dua teori pembelajaran tunjang iaitu; Teori Konstruktivisme dan Teori Pemerolehan Bahasa yang membentuk topik kajian pembangunan kursus bahasa Arab dalam talian, di samping dua teori pembelajaran sokongan iaitu; Teori Beban Kognitif dan Teori Kognitif Pembelajaran Multimedia. Pemilihan teori-teori ini merupakan antara strategi terawal dalam sesuatu kajian berasaskan pendekatan reka bentuk dan pembangunan (DDR) yang dilaksanakan dalam fasa analisis untuk diterapkan dalam fasa berikutnya iaitu; fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kajian berbentuk analisis perpustakaan dengan membentangkan sorotan literatur daripada rujukan-rujukan utama serta kajian-kajian terdahulu yang berkaitan bagi menerangkan teori-teori pembelajaran yang dinyatakan. Hasil dapatan analisis sorotan, satu kerangka teoretikal dikeluarkan dalam bentuk rajah, dalam masa yang sama dijelaskan perkaitannya secara langsung dengan reka bentuk dan pembangunan kursus bahasa Arab dalam talian. Kesimpulan daripada kajian, kerangka teoretikal cadangan ini boleh diadaptasi terus atau dengan pengubahsuaian kerana ia tidak terhad kepada teori-teori pembelajaran yang diutarakan sahaja, bahkan para penyelidik boleh memilih pelbagai lagi teori pembelajaran yang ada mengikut kesesuaian topik kajian mereka. Manfaat daripada hasil kajian ini, kerangka teoretikal diharapkan agar dapat menjadi rujukan kepada kajian lanjutan berbentuk reka bentuk dan pembangunan dalam bidang bahasa asing secara amnya, lebih-lebih lagi bahasa Arab.
Abstract
Online learning or e-learning has become one of the leading choices of the teaching and learning process (TnL) today. This process is increasingly being discussed when the whole world, including Malaysia, faces the Covid-19 pandemic, which has resulted in everyone being forced to live in new norms. The online TnL process requires a systematic design with the application of specific learning theories. This study highlights a proposed theoretical framework produced through two core learning theories; Constructivism Theory and Language Acquisition Theory the research topic of development online Arabic courses, and two supporting learning theories; Cognitive Load Theory and Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning specialized in the design and development process of course contents. The selection of these theories is one of the earliest strategies in a research based on the design and development research (DDR) implemented in the analysis phase to be applied in the next stages; design and development. The following learning theories are explained according to the library analysis of the research method by reviewing the primary references and the related previous studies. As a result of the literature review, a theoretical framework is released in the form of diagrams, at the same time explaining its direct relation to the design and development of online Arabic courses. The study concludes that this theoretical framework can be adapted directly or with modification; because it is not limited to the presented theories of learning only, researchers can choose various other learning theories to suit their study topic. The theoretical framework is also expected to be useful as a future reference for design and development research in Arabic and other foreign or third languages.
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