Kemahiran Membaca Teks Arab Sebagai Bahasa Kedua: Penelitian Dari Perspektif Teori Dan Kurikulum
Reading Skills in Arabic Text as a Second Language: A Study from the Perspectives of Theory and Curriculum
Abstract
Reading skill is one of the main skills in the teaching and learning (T&L) of a language which is described as a complex process that is taking place in the reader's mind which is closely related to comprehension. However, based on the students' result and achievement in the tests and examinations conducted, the level of reading skill and comprehension among the students is still not satisfactory, especially when it comes to the second language (L2) such as Arabic. Recognizing the importance of the skill to be mastered, this paper attempts to highlight the studies and discussion of scholars on the definition, concepts and theories of reading as well as identifying the essential elements that should be emphasized and given focus to by educators in the Arabic language T&L activities as L2. This paper also discusses the implementation of T&L activities in Arab language reading skills in line with the needs of reading theories and curriculum that focuses on students’ ability to comprehend the words and sentences fluently and smoothly. However, based on the theory and reading model, the emphasis on reading and text comprehension which involves cognitive aspects as well as thinking skills are regarded to be more significant to be mastered. Hence, this paper discusses the recommendations of scholars on the characteristics of reading skills that should be practiced in T&L of Arabic language as L2. With references to the studies based on reading theory, it is hoped that T&L practices of Arabic reading as L2 can be enhanced in line with the 21st century learning features.
Abstrak
Kemahiran membaca merupakan antara kemahiran bahasa yang utama dalam aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) bahasa yang digambarkan sebagai proses yang kompleks berlaku dalam minda pembaca yang berkait rapat dengan kefahaman. Namun begitu berdasarkan kepada prestasi dan pencapaian pelajar dalam keputusan ujian dan peperiksaan yang dijalankan menunjukkan tahap penguasaan kemahiran membaca dan kefahaman bacaan dalam kalangan pelajar masih lagi belum mencapai tahap yang memuaskan terutama membabitkan bahasa kedua/asing (B2) seperti bahasa Arab. Menyedari hakikat betapa pentingnya kemahiran ini perlu dikuasai, maka kajian ini cuba menyoroti kajian dan perbincangan para sarjana tentang definisi, konsep dan teori bacaan di samping mengenal pasti elemen-elemen penting yang perlu diberi penekanan dan tumpuan oleh para pendidik dalam aktiviti PdP bahasa Arab sebagai B2. Kajian ini turut membincangkan tentang pelaksanaan aktiviti kemahiran membaca bahasa Arab dalam sesi PdP selari dengan keperluan teori bacaan dan kurikulum yang bermatlamatkan pelajar dapat memahami patah perkataan serta ayat pada teks bacaan secara fasih dan lancar. Namun begitu, berdasarkan kepada teori dan model bacaan penekanan kepada aspek kefahaman bacaan teks yang melibatkan aspek kognitif serta kemahiran berfikir dilihat lebih signifikan untuk dikuasai. Justeru, kajian ini turut membincangkan saranan para sarjana mengenai ciri-ciri kemahiran membaca yang perlu dipraktikkan dalam PdP bahasa Arab sebagai B2. Dengan adanya rujukan kajian yang berasaskan kepada teori dan model bacaan, diharapkan amalan PdP kemahiran membaca bahasa Arab sebagai B2 dapat dipertingkatkan selaras dengan ciri-ciri pembelajaran abad ke-21.
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