Penguasaan Komponen Retorik Bahasa Arab dalam kalangan Pelajar Peringkat Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM)

Mastery of Rhetoric or Al-Balaghah Component among the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) Students

Abstract

Ilmu retorik atau al-Balaghah adalah salah satu komponen dalam Sukatan Pelajaran Bahasa Arab peringkat Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) kelolaan Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM). Artikel ini bertujuan mengenal pasti penguasaan pelajar terhadap komponen tersebut merangkumi aspek persepsi, kefahaman dan kekangan yang dihadapi pelajar. Fokus kajian terhadap topik haqiqah dan majaz termasuk sub topik majaz mursal dan isti‘arah. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif secara deskriptif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen soal selidik dan ujian kefahaman yang dijalankan ke atas sampel yang dipilih secara rawak. Sampel melibatkan pelajar tingkatan lima seramai 100 orang daripada dua buah Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama (SMKA) di negeri Kelantan. Dapatan kajian mendapati aspek-aspek yang diukur berada pada tahap yang sederhana. Hal ini menunjukkan tahap penguasaan pelajar terhadap komponen tersebut belum memuaskan. Dapatan juga menunjukkan pelajar menghadapi kekangan tertentu dalam menguasai komponen retorik bahasa Arab. Perkara ini secara langsung memberi kesan terhadap gaya dan prestasi pembelajaran dalam menguasai komponen tersebut. Dapatan juga menunjukkan topik haqiqah dan majaz paling senang dikuasai berada pada tahap mudah, diikuti topik majaz mursal berada pada tahap sederhana, manakala topik isti‘arah berada pada tahap sukar. Dapatan kajian ini dapat membantu pelbagai pihak terutama guru dalam mengatur strategi pengajaran komponen balaghah dengan lebih berkesan.

ABSTRACT

Rhetorical knowledge, also known as al-balagah, is a component of the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination from the Malaysian Ministry of Education (KPM). This article aims to identify student mastery of this component in terms of the perceptions, understanding and limitations faced by students. This study especially focuses on the topics of haqiqah and majaz, including the subtopics of majaz mursal and isti’arah.  The study employs a quantitative and descriptive method.  Data collection techniques included questionnaires and comprehension test among a randomly selected sample. The sample used to represent the population was selected from among the Form Five students who will sit for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). A total of 100 students were selected for the study sample. Ten students were also interviewed. Based on the findings, the authors found that the mastery level of secondary school students based on their perception of these topics as a whole was at a moderate level, while mastery of the topic was at a moderately low level. Findings for the constraint aspect on mastering the whole topic was also at a moderate level. This shows the mastery levels of the haqiqah and majaz topics and majaz mursal and isti'arah sub-topics among secondary students are not satisfactory, reflecting students’ ability to master these topics. The findings also show that the haqiqah and majaz topics are easier to master at the elementary level, followed by majaz mursal topic at the moderate level, with the isti'arah topic at the difficult level.