Nilai Kerohanian Dalam Disiplin Ilmu Nahu; Kajian Terhadap Sumbangan Al-Qushayri
Spiritual Values in Arabic Grammar: A Study on Al-Qushayri’s Contribution
Abstract
Kerohanian merupakan antara perkara asas dalam disiplin ilmu-ilmu Islam. Setiap bidang ilmu Islam hendaklah diterapkan dengan nilai kerohanian termasuklah ilmu yang berkaitan dengan bahasa Arab seperti ilmu nahu, balaghah dan sebagainya. Namun demikian, perbahasan nahu Arab yang berlaku selama ini adalah terpisah daripada unsur-unsur kerohanian dan akhlak kerana ilmu tersebut hanya tertumpu pada menjaga tutur kata seseorang dari berlaku kesalahan yang boleh mempengaruhi kefahaman pendengarnya. Artikel ini mengetengahkan dimensi baharu dalam perbahasan ilmu nahu yang diperkenalkan oleh tokoh ilmuwan sufi yang masyhur bernama ‘Abd al-Karim bin Hawazin al-Qushayri (w. 465H). Beliau merupakan seorang ulama’ sufi yang telah membincangkan ilmu nahu ini dari sudut kerohanian iaitu dengan membuat suatu perbandingan dan perkaitan antara ilmu nahu yang lebih bersifat linguistik dengan ilmu tasawuf yang berorientasikan kerohanian. Usaha ini telah melahirkan satu pendekatan baharu dalam pengajian ilmu nahu yang dikenali oleh ulama sufi sebagai « Nahu Sufi » atau « Nahu Hati ». Dengan melakukan analisis terhadap kandungan (content analysis) karya nahu beliau berjudul “Naḥw al-Qulūb”, kajian cuba memaparkan nilai-nilai kerohanian atau tasawuf yang diterapkan dalam ilmu nahu melalui kedua-dua karya tersebut. Kajian mendapati bahawa al-Qushayri dianggap sebagai pelopor kepada satu pendekatan baharu dalam perbahasan ilmu nahu yang dikaitkan dengan ilmu tasawuf sehingga individu yang menekuninya mampu mencapai ke tahap ma’rifah Allah. Pendekatan ini juga menjadi panduan kepada tokoh-tokoh ulama sufi terkemudian dalam menggabungkan dua bidang ilmu ini dalam bentuknya yang baharu dan bersepadu.
ABSTRACT
Spirituality is one of the fundamental things in the discipline of Islamic Sciences. Every area of Islamic sciences should be applied to spiritual values such as Arabic grammar, Arabic literature and so on. Nonetheless, the discussion on Arabic has been detached from spiritual elements as the focuses solely on keeping one's speech from errors that may affect the understanding of its listeners. This study focuses on a new dimension to the debate on the Arabic grammae introduced by the famous Sufi scholar named 'Abd al-Karim bin Hawazin al-Qushayri (d. 465H). He was a sufi scholar who discussed this science from a spiritual point of view by making a comparison between linguistic science and a Sufism. This effort leads to a new approach to the study of Arabic grammar known by Sufi scholars as «Nahw al-Qulub» or «Grammar of Heart». By analyzing the content of his two books entitled “Naḥw al-Qulūb” the study attempts to show the spiritual or sufism values applied in the Arabic grammar. It is found that al-Qushayri is regarded as the forerunner of a new approach to the debate on theology associated with the Sufism so that the practitioners are able to reach the ma’rifah Allah. This approach also serves as a guide for later Sufi scholars in combining these two areas of knowledge in a new form.
Keywords: Al-Qushayri; Spiritual; Sufism; “Naḥw al-Qulūb al-Kabīr”; “Naḥw al-Qulūb al-Saghīr”
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