Lexis and gender in shaping speakers’ state identity
Abstract
The existence of dialects rests on the geographical boundaries or speakers’ residence. These defined boundaries, in turn, result in an array of recognised local dialects of Kedah, Terengganu, Kelantan and others. The dialects respectively are of unique features which characterise their state identity. Objectively, studies on dialects in Malaysia are in abundance due to the diversity of the local dialects, and presently the studies are continuously embarked throughout the country. Conversely, dialect studies vis-à-vis the association between the dialect and speakers’ identity, particularly gender are numerically scarce. Thus, the study opted to investigate and depict this lexically from a gender perspective that is linked with state identity. The study utilised the approach of urban dialectology of Labov (1966), Trudgill (1974) and Idris (1995) with a few alterations. This study also interviewed 20 male and 20 female teenagers residing in urban areas, namely Alor Setar, Kuala Terengganu, Shah Alam and Johor Bahru. The findings discovered lexical variations of the speakers’ shortened form of words, new words, and vocabulary by both genders. The findings of the state identity, on the other hand, suggest that speakers in both Alor Setar and Kuala Terengganu firmly retain their respective dialects. The study is hopefully able to facilitate the understanding of linguistic and sociolinguistic phenomena in Malaysia.
ABSTRAK
Dialek wujud disebabkan persempadanan ruang geografi atau kawasan tempat tinggal penutur. Melalui persempadanan inilah terdapat pelbagai dialek tempatan seperti dialek Kedah, Terengganu, Kelantan dan sebagainya. Dialek-dialek tersebut masing-masing mempunyai ciri-ciri tersendiri untuk membentuk identiti kenegerian. Sebenarnya, pengkajian mengenai dialek telah banyak dilakukan kerana Malaysia begitu kaya dengan dialek tempatan dan pengkajian mengenai dialek tidak pernah berhenti sehingga kini. Walau bagaimanapun, pengkajian mengenai dialek yang dipertalikan jantina dengan identiti penutur tidak banyak dilakukan. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk meneroka dan menjelaskan aspek leksikal daripada perspektif jantina yang dipertalikan dengan identiti kenegerian. Kajian ini menerapkan pendekatan dialektologi bandar yang dipelopori Labov (1966), Trudgill (1974) dan Idris (1995) dengan beberapa pengubahsuaian. Kajian ini juga menggunakan teknik temu bual atau gaya wawancara (GW) yang dilakukan terhadap 20 remaja lelaki dan 20 remaja perempuan di setiap bandar, iaitu Alor Setar, Kuala Terengganu, Shah Alam dan Johor Bahru. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan penggunaan dalam aspek leksikal seperti penyingkatan kata, kata baharu dan kosa kata oleh kedua-dua jantina. Manakala identiti kenegerian pula menunjukkan bahawa, Alor Setar dan Kuala Terengganu masih tegar dialek. Kajian ini diharap dapat menyumbang terhadap pemahaman linguistik dan sosiolinguistik di Malaysia.
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